Additionally, the Latin bishops attempted to gain concessions on the differences in doctrine and practices between the two churches. With the occupation of Cyprus by the Crusades from 1191 to 1571, the Orthodox hierarchy found itself subordinated to the occupying Latin French and Venetian kings, who forced a reduction in the number of Orthodox bishops from 14 to four. In 698, the Arabs were driven out of Cyprus and the Archbishop returned to the island, but retained the title of Archbishop of Nova Justiniana and All Cyprus. The Arab invasions of the seventh century forced the Archbishop to flee the island to Hellespont, where under the protection of Emperor Justinian II he established a new city called Nova Justiniana (now "Nea Justiniana") in honor of the emperor. The autocephaly of the Church of Cyprus was confirmed later that year by the Roman Emperor Zeno who granted its Archbishop "three privileges," that is: to sign his name in cinnabar, to wear purple instead of black under his vestments, and to use an imperial scepter instead of the episcopal crosier. Barnabas was found, with a copy of the Gospel of Matthew on his relics. Its autocephaly was established at the Council of Ephesus in 431, overriding the claims of the Patriarch of Antioch. Apostle Barnabas is considered to be the first bishop of Cyprus. 46AD and was under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Jerusalem until 325. 2.1 Hierarchical Succession of the Archbishopric See of CyprusĬhristianity was originally brought to Cyprus by the Apostles Barnabas and Mark in the first century, c.
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